RESUMEN
Background: Recent reports suggest that by 2050 there will be an increase of around 310% of cases affected by dementia in Latin American countries. A previous study in a Southern region reported one of the highest prevalences of dementia in Latin America. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment associated with low education, rurality, and demographic characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited a community-dwelling sample of 823 adults from rural and urban areas of two Southern provinces of Colombia from 2020-2022. Participants were assessed with a neuropsychological protocol validated in Colombia. To obtain general and region-specific prevalence rates, age, sex, schooling, and socioeconomic level were considered and controlled for. Results: Most of the participants reported low education and socioeconomic level, the participation of women was higher. It was determined that the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was 53.6%, with 56.6% in the province of Caquetá followed by 51.9% in the province of Huila. The amnestic MCI represented 42.6%, the amnestic multi-domain was 39%, the non-amnestic 16.55%, and the non-amnestic multi-domain 1.81%. Our participants reported comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. We also observed a relationship between exposure to pesticides and MCI. Conclusions: We observed one of the highest prevalences of MCI in Latin America reported to date. Variables such as age, gender, and education proved risk factors for MCI in the explored regions. Our findings are very much in line with recent studies that highlight the influence of non-canonical risk factors of dementia in underrepresented countries from Latin America.
RESUMEN
RESUMEN La gestación, los primeros años de vida y el estado nutricional juegan un papel importante en el desarrollo físico, psicosocial, emocional y cognitivo en la infancia y adolescencia. Diferentes investigaciones han encontrado una relación entre el estado nutricional con un mejor desempeño cognitivo, por el contrario, la malnutrición en estas etapas puede ocasionar desequilibrios entre las necesidades nutricionales que podrían llevar a que se presente obesidad o desnutrición e influir sobre el desarrollo cognitivo. El objetivo de este artículo fue revisar la relación del estado nutricional con el desarrollo cognitivo y psicomotor de los niños en la primera infancia. El método fue revisión sistemática en las bases de datos ProQuest, Redalyc, Science Direct y Scopus en los años 2013-2018. Este artículo concluye que tanto la capacidad intelectual como el desarrollo de la motricidad fina y gruesa, dependen del estado nutricional de los infantes y por tanto se sugiere una relación entre la nutrición y el desarrollo psicomotor y cognitivo.
ABSTRACT Gestation, the first years of life and nutritional status are important role in physical, psychosocial, emotional and cognitive development in childhood and adolescence. Different investigations have found a relationship between nutritional status with better cognitive performance, although conversely, malnutrition in these stages can cause imbalances between nutritional needs that could lead to obesity or malnutrition and influence cognitive development. The aim of this article was to review the relationship between nutritional status and cognitive and psychomotor development of children in early childhood. The method was systematic review in the databases ProQuest, Redalyc, Science Direct and Scopus in the years 2013-2018. This article concludes that both the intellectual capacity and the development of fine and gross motor skills depend on the nutritional status of infants and therefore a relationship between nutrition and psychomotor and cognitive development is suggested.
